Nowadays most of the companies are making their 5G smartphones, which means you'll get to see 5G almost in every upcoming phone. So now before taking 5G phones, you should be aware of the 5G bands, if the phone comes with proper 5G bands then when the 5G connectivity will come in India, you can able to use the optimum 5G speed.
Here if we go as per the 3gpp consortium then, you'll get to see 2 types of 5G, FR1, and FR2. The sub 6 GHz 5G band is called FR1 and the FR2 is called as Millimeter-wave 5G band, from the name we can get an idea of what these are. These bands, which are being decided as such, are decided because of their operating frequencies, if the frequency of the band is under 6 GHz then it will come under Sub 6 GHz, this is further divided into two-part low band 5G and mid-band 5G, in low band 5G, the speed is used between 600 megahertz to 2.4 GHz and in the mid-band, the speed is used from 2.4 GHz to 6 GHz, In Millimeter-wave, the frequency travels from 24 GHz to 52 GHz.
The frequency which is being used in the low band 5G is more or less similar to the speed of the 4G Spectrum, the benefit you're getting here is, the speed you're getting will be the same but the coverage you're getting will be the more, now in case of mid-band 5G, so here you can use the real speed of 5G. A minimum speed of 100 Mbps is promised under Sub 6 GHz Band, and in Foreign countries, the minimum or the average speed one will be getting is 50 Mbps and supports speed up to 800-900 or 1 Gbps. Most of the phones you're seeing in India, comes with Sub 6 GHz Band support, another fact about 5G is its penetration will be done more easily and in the case of 5G, there won't be any problem of congestion, which means if a 5G tower is covering the range of 1 Lac sq km, there it can handle up to 10 Lac devices, In case of 4G, this rate was 1 Lac, but now in case of 5G the rate is brought up to 10 Lacs. So you can expect better network coverage here, with this the ranges you'll be getting will be more or less similar to 4G. Overall, the low band 5G is slightly more improved than the 4G, and in the case of the mid-band Sub 6 GHz band, there you'll be getting a little bit more improvement in comparison with the low band. In the case of Millimeter Wave 5G, here you will be able to use the ultra high speed 5G up to 10 Gbps, and here you might get latency less than 1 ms, it is quite amazing than the theoretical speed, and you'll get to see the fiber level connectivity in these 5G band. The biggest problem with this is, it is very costlier to implement, so to manage this situation what can be done, converting the existing 4G network into a 5G network without any external modification. Now what will happen in Millimeter-wave, many small-sized towers have to be placed by which millimeter wave could be achieved, is because Millimeter-wave is much weak, because of which a small amount of obstruction like rain, haze, wall, even if a human body also come in between then the connectivity will be obstructed. It's implemented in places like, shopping malls, stadiums, and in public places, where it is crowded, but in majority country, where till now it is not possible to implement Millimeter-wave, with all these problems there is another problem which arises in case of Millimeter-wave, implementing Millimeter wave in phones is also costlier, the main reason behind that, for Millimeter-wave special antennas, are required, which means 5G chipset and 5G modem is not enough, they have to take antennas also and with that, the company has to pay a royalty to the patent holders those who are holding the patents originally. The majority of phones which are selling in India are entry-level 5G phones, and it supports a limited number of 5G bands. In today's date, if someone wants to buy a 5G phone, then the best phone, which supports the maximum number of bands is iPhone 12 series, other than that, OnePlus' phone comes with a single 5G band support, and we have Mi 10i, this comes with 2 5G band support, now if we see take Moto G 5G, which is one of the cheapest 5G phone, it comes with 4-5 other 5G band support which is comparatively much better. In simple words if your phone has multiple 5G bands then it'll work more nicely on a 5G network, is because with 1 band many users are connected, because of which the speed might fluctuate, and if your phone supports multiple 5G bands and 5G is available on multiple bands then it might happen that the phone automatically switches to some other band and then you could use better speed.
Now we increase 5G bands with a software update? its answer will be yes, actually what happens, the companies have to pay the royalty for the bands, and sometimes licensing issues also arises, and if all such things are cleared, then things can be enabled with software updates in the phones, only if the components are already present in the device then they can enable with software updates, so this is practically possible.
Another question arises that which are the Millimeter Wave 5G bands, the bands which you'll see in triple digits like N260, N261, etc are Millimeter Wave 5G bands, which are currently not available in any phone in India. Shortly 5G connectivity will be a big thing, and nowadays 5G is at its initial phase where you're getting a limited internet connectivity 5G, we'll get to see technology like carrier aggregation in the phones which are 0going to come in future, dual 5G, you'll get to see this in some of the chipsets of MediaTek, Voice-over NR, these technologies are not matured yet, after some time, near around march, the situation of 5G bands in India will be cleared, and after that, the phones you'll get to see will come with much better 5G support.
So at the end of the day, if you want to buy a 5G phone just by seeing the 5G logo now, then you should wait, because in the future, when the 5G networks will setup, the 5G devices which you will get to see will be much more improved. Or before buying you can just go to their website and check that how many bands it is supporting.
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